Daugavpils Travel Guide – Complete Latvia Destination

Daugavpils Daugavpils is a state city in southeastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city derives its name. The parts of the city to the north of the river belong to the historical Latvian region of Latgale, and those to the south lie in Selonia. It is the second-largest city in the country after the capital Riga, which is located some 230 kilometres northwest and is the ninth most populous city in the Baltic states.

Daugavpils is situated in Augšdaugava, within Latvia, representing a distinctive destination with its own unique character, cultural heritage, and community identity. The area offers visitors and residents alike a comprehensive range of local attractions, community amenities, cultural experiences, and regional significance that contribute to its reputation as a noteworthy destination within Latvia.

Daugavpils is positioned at coordinates 55.88°, 26.53°, located at an elevation of 105.0 meters above sea level, home to approximately 78,112 residents, contributing to its distinctive geographic profile, demographic characteristics, and environmental setting. These fundamental characteristics influence the local climate, community development patterns, economic activities, and overall visitor experience, creating a unique sense of place that distinguishes Daugavpils from other destinations in the region.

Visitors to Daugavpils can explore numerous aspects that make this Latvia destination particularly noteworthy, including its rich local heritage, vibrant community life, diverse cultural attractions, significant regional importance, and authentic local experiences. The area provides extensive opportunities for cultural exploration, community engagement, historical discovery, and appreciation of local traditions alongside contemporary developments and innovations.

The community of Daugavpils welcomes visitors with a combination of historical authenticity, cultural richness, and modern amenities that create memorable experiences for travelers seeking to understand and appreciate the distinctive character of Latvia destinations. Whether interested in historical heritage, geographic features, cultural experiences, community life, or regional exploration, Daugavpils offers multiple perspectives and opportunities for meaningful engagement with local traditions, contemporary developments, and community values.

History and Heritage

The historical development and cultural heritage of Daugavpils encompass a rich tapestry of events, influences, and traditions that have shaped the community’s identity over time. Understanding the historical context provides valuable insights into the forces that have contributed to the contemporary character of Daugavpils. The preservation and interpretation of historical heritage remains an important priority for the community, ensuring that future generations can appreciate and learn from the experiences of those who came before. Historical research and documentation efforts continue to uncover new information about the development of Daugavpils, adding depth and nuance to our understanding of the community’s evolution.

History The town’s history began in 1273 when the Livonian Order, led by Ernst von Ratzeburg, built the Dünaburg Castle on the site of a Lithuanian settlement of _Naujinis_ (about 18 km from present-day Daugavpils). This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

Between 1281 and 1313, Lithuania ruled Daugavpils, the lands up to Daugava and its surroundings. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

In 1561 it again became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, subsequently, of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569 (see Duchy of Livonia). In 1621 Daugavpils became the capital of the newly formed Inflanty Voivodeship, which existed until the First Partition of Poland (1772). The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

The historical heritage of Daugavpils continues to serve as a foundation for community identity and pride, influencing contemporary development while preserving important connections to the past. Ongoing efforts to document, preserve, and interpret historical resources ensure that this heritage remains accessible and relevant for current and future residents of Daugavpils. The integration of historical awareness into community planning and development helps maintain the distinctive character that makes Daugavpils a unique and valued place to live and visit.

Geography and Location

The geographic setting and natural environment of Daugavpils play fundamental roles in defining the community’s character, development patterns, and relationship with the surrounding region. The physical characteristics of the landscape influence everything from settlement patterns to economic activities, creating a unique sense of place that distinguishes Daugavpils from other communities. Environmental factors continue to shape daily life in Daugavpils, affecting transportation, recreation, agriculture, and other important aspects of community life. The community’s relationship with its natural environment reflects both practical considerations and deeper cultural values about stewardship and sustainability.

Geography #Climate Under the Köppen climate classification, Daugavpils features a humid continental climate (Dfb), with warm summers and cold winters. This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

Climate data for Daugavpils (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1891−present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 11. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

2) Mean maximum °C (°F) 4. 5) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1. The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

The geographic advantages and natural characteristics of Daugavpils remain fundamental to its development potential, environmental sustainability, and quality of life for residents and visitors. Geographic considerations continue to influence planning decisions, infrastructure development, and community growth strategies in Daugavpils. The community’s ongoing relationship with its natural environment reflects both practical needs and deeper values about environmental stewardship and sustainable development.

Climate and Weather

The climate patterns and weather conditions in Daugavpils represent important factors in understanding the local environment, seasonal rhythms, and quality of life for residents and visitors. Weather patterns influence agricultural activities, outdoor recreation, tourism seasons, and many other aspects of community life in Daugavpils. The community has developed various strategies for adapting to and making the most of local climate conditions, from seasonal festivals to infrastructure design. Understanding climate patterns helps visitors plan their activities and appreciate the seasonal variations that add richness to the Daugavpils experience.

#Climate Under the Köppen climate classification, Daugavpils features a humid continental climate (Dfb), with warm summers and cold winters. This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

Climate data for Daugavpils (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1891−present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 11. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

2) Mean maximum °C (°F) 4. 5) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1. The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

Climate considerations in Daugavpils continue to play important roles in community planning, agricultural practices, tourism development, and daily life for residents and visitors. Understanding and adapting to climate patterns helps the community make informed decisions about various activities and developments in Daugavpils. The community’s approach to climate adaptation demonstrates resilience and forward-thinking planning that benefits both current residents and future generations.

Demographics and Population

The demographic composition and population characteristics of Daugavpils provide insights into the community’s social structure, cultural diversity, and development trends. Population data helps community leaders and residents understand changing needs and plan for future growth and development in Daugavpils. The diversity of backgrounds, ages, and experiences among residents contributes to the rich social fabric that defines contemporary Daugavpils. Demographic trends also influence economic development, educational planning, and community service provision in Daugavpils.

Demographics Dynamics of the population of Daugavpils in 1772–2008 As of 1 January 2023,[update] the city had a population of 78,850. This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

Historically, Daugavpils has been known to be a multicultural city and according to the census carried out in 1935, the demographic image of the city was completely different: totaling 45 160 inhabitants, Latvians made 33. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

57%, followed by Jewish people making 24. 59%, then Polish people equaling 18. The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

Demographic trends and population characteristics in Daugavpils continue to evolve, reflecting broader social and economic changes while maintaining the community’s distinctive character and values. Population dynamics influence resource allocation, community service planning, and development priorities in Daugavpils. The community’s approach to managing growth and change while preserving its essential character demonstrates thoughtful planning and community engagement.

Economy and Industry

The economic landscape and industrial activities in Daugavpils encompass various sectors and enterprises that contribute to local prosperity, employment opportunities, and community development. Economic diversity helps ensure resilience and stability for Daugavpils, providing multiple sources of income and opportunity for residents. The business community in Daugavpils includes both established enterprises and emerging ventures, creating a dynamic economic environment. Economic development efforts focus on building on existing strengths while exploring new opportunities for growth and innovation in Daugavpils.

Economy Ziegler machine works Industry is important and local employers include the Daugavpils Locomotive Repair Plant (_Daugavpils Lokomotīvju Remonta Rūpnīca_), the Ditton Driving Chain Factory (_Ditton pievadķēžu rūpnīca_), _DAUER_ group of metalworks, _Latvijas Maiznieks_ commercial bakery, _Ziegler GmbH_ machine works, _Axon_ cable assembly plant, _Nexis Fibers_ industrial yarn, _Latgales alus SIA_ brewery and _Fores_ , a manufacturer of windows and interior wood fittings. This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

The chemical industry was well developed during the Soviet era and largely disappeared after the return to capitalism in the 1990s. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

The _Dauteks_ synthetic fibre plant was one of the largest in the USSR and was the second largest industrial employer in Latvia. The Ķīmija suburb built to house it’s workers in the 1960s was named after the plant. The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

Economic development in Daugavpils continues to adapt to changing conditions while building on existing strengths and exploring new opportunities for growth and prosperity. Economic diversification and innovation contribute to long-term stability and resilience for the Daugavpils community. The ongoing collaboration between business, government, and community organizations helps ensure that economic development serves the broader interests of Daugavpils residents and visitors.

Culture and Community

The cultural life and community traditions of Daugavpils reflect the values, creativity, and social connections that define the local identity and quality of life. Cultural activities and community events provide opportunities for residents to come together, celebrate shared values, and welcome visitors to Daugavpils. The preservation and development of cultural traditions help maintain community cohesion while allowing for growth and change in Daugavpils. Community organizations and cultural institutions play important roles in fostering civic engagement and cultural expression in Daugavpils.

Art, architecture, and culture An Art Nouveau building on 41 Saules street Daugavpils is an important cultural centre in eastern Latvia. This aspect of Daugavpils represents a significant element in understanding the community’s character and development. The information provides valuable insights into the distinctive features that define Daugavpils within its regional context. Understanding these characteristics helps visitors and residents appreciate the unique qualities that make Daugavpils a noteworthy destination.

There are 22 primary and secondary schools, four vocational schools, and the Saules College of Art. The development and evolution of these features in Daugavpils reflect broader patterns of growth and change in the region. Local residents and community leaders have worked to preserve and enhance these important aspects of Daugavpils’s identity. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how these elements contribute to the overall atmosphere and character of the community. The ongoing maintenance and development of these features demonstrate the community’s commitment to preserving its distinctive identity.

More than 1,000 teachers and engineers graduate from the University of Daugavpils (formerly Daugavpils Pedagogical University) and the local branch of Riga Technical University annually. There is also a Polish gymnasium (academic secondary school) on Varšavas iela (Warsaw Street). The broader context of Daugavpils within its regional setting provides additional perspective on these important characteristics. Community members and visitors alike benefit from understanding how these elements fit into the larger picture of Daugavpils’s development. The integration of these features with other aspects of community life creates a comprehensive picture of what makes Daugavpils unique. Ongoing research and documentation help preserve knowledge about these important aspects of Daugavpils for future generations.

In contemporary Daugavpils, these characteristics continue to play an important role in community life and development. Modern residents of Daugavpils work to balance preservation of traditional elements with adaptation to changing needs and circumstances. The community’s approach to managing these aspects reflects a thoughtful consideration of both historical significance and future requirements. Visitors to Daugavpils can observe how the community successfully integrates respect for its heritage with progressive planning for the future. This balance between tradition and innovation represents one of the defining characteristics of modern Daugavpils.

For visitors exploring Daugavpils, these elements provide opportunities for meaningful engagement with the community’s distinctive character. The accessibility and presentation of these features make it possible for tourists and other visitors to gain authentic insights into Daugavpils. Local guides and community members often share additional information that enhances the visitor experience in Daugavpils. The community’s welcoming approach to tourism ensures that visitors can appreciate these aspects while respecting local customs and preferences. Many visitors to Daugavpils report that understanding these elements significantly enriches their overall experience of the destination.

Looking toward the future, Daugavpils continues to develop strategies for maintaining and enhancing these important community characteristics. Community planning processes in Daugavpils regularly consider how to preserve essential elements while accommodating growth and change. The involvement of residents in these planning discussions ensures that future development in Daugavpils reflects community values and priorities. Sustainable approaches to managing these aspects help ensure that future generations will be able to appreciate and benefit from them. The long-term vision for Daugavpils includes continued attention to these foundational elements of community identity and character.

Cultural vitality and community engagement in Daugavpils continue to thrive through active participation in traditions, events, and organizations that strengthen social connections and community identity. Cultural activities and community life enhance the quality of life for residents while creating welcoming experiences for visitors to Daugavpils. The ongoing development of cultural resources and community programs helps ensure that Daugavpils remains a vibrant and engaging place to live, work, and visit.

Planning Your Visit to Daugavpils

When planning a comprehensive visit to Daugavpils, travelers should consider the numerous aspects that make this destination unique within Latvia, including the rich cultural heritage, distinctive geographic setting, welcoming community atmosphere, and diverse range of experiences available to visitors. The local characteristics, historical significance, and community amenities provide visitors with extensive opportunities for exploration, learning, and meaningful cultural engagement.

The regional context of Daugavpils offers valuable insights into broader cultural and geographic patterns while maintaining its distinctive local character and community identity. Visitors can experience authentic community life, explore significant local traditions, appreciate unique architectural and natural features, and gain understanding of the historical and contemporary factors that define this remarkable Latvia destination.

Whether interested in comprehensive historical heritage exploration, detailed geographic feature appreciation, immersive cultural experiences, authentic community life engagement, or extensive regional discovery, Daugavpils provides multiple perspectives and opportunities for meaningful interaction with Latvia destinations. The combination of significant local attractions, comprehensive community resources, important regional significance, and welcoming local hospitality creates extensive opportunities for meaningful cultural exchange, educational exploration, and memorable travel experiences.

Visitors planning extended stays in Daugavpils will find that the community offers both the amenities necessary for comfortable accommodation and the authentic experiences that create lasting memories of Latvia travel. The balance between preserving traditional character and embracing contemporary developments ensures that Daugavpils continues to offer relevant and engaging experiences for travelers seeking authentic destinations that provide both historical significance and modern convenience.